Friday, March 13, 2015

Spreading Cheer as they Disappear: The California Tiger Salamander

This post was written by Patrick Douglas for Bio 227

nice to meet you! :)

      Located in the grasslands of Sonoma and Santa Barbara counties where it makes its home, the California Tiger Salamander could be found nestled in vernal pools and ponds, which it uses as mating grounds.  A whopping 7 to 8 inches of length in adulthood makes this Salamander enough to take any unsuspecting traveler aback if not prepared for its size.  Fortunately, this creature wears a cute smile upon its face, and most of its adult life is spent underground, inhabiting pre-existing holes made by small mammals.  However, unfortunately, the California Tiger Salamander was listed as an endangered species in 2003.  Previously categorized as a subspecies of Tiger Salamander, the California Tiger Salamander was differentiated as its own population by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service after the loss of their seasonal wetlands, and thus, decline in population.  Its endangered status was assigned in 2000 in Santa Barbara County and in 2002 in Sonoma County.  Additionally, it has been listed as threatened throughout Central California since 2004. 
 

MORE ABOUT THE CALIFORNIA TIGER SALAMANDER
     Female salamanders lay anywhere from 1 to 14 eggs, which can be larvae for as long as 6 months, before developing lungs and leaving their drying habitats in exahange for an underground burrow.  This journey can be perilous, and take up several days and span an entire mile.  This subterranean destination was previously thought of as estivation (the summertime equivalent of hibernation) but thanks to the modern wonder of tiny fiber optic cameras, we’ve actually been able to observe the salamander foraging for worms and other insects underground. 




RECOVERY PLAN
The purpose and ultimate goal of a recovery plan is to de-list a species and return their population to a stable level.  The recovery plan of the California Tiger Salamander is primarily about restoring habitat conditions, protecting and managing those habitats, as well as maintaining population diversity.  The goal of this diversity is to ensure that the populations will be less vulnerable to disease or genetic dangers.  This recovery plan also addresses the need to save the comprehensive ecosystem that the salamander calls home, rather than just working on a single aspect or area of conservation.  Restoring the environment and habitat itself results in a trickle down effect in which the salamander will hopefully be able to make its comeback in the wild.  This plan necessitates the restoration of the current geographical distributions of the species, which may prove difficult due to the fact that its original destruction and degradation occurred from human developments. 

     Movements from the Center For Biological Diversity have lead to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service proposing a designation of around 50,000 acres of habitat for Sonoma county salamanders.  None of the populations in California had recovery plans prior to a 2012 law suit, which demanded a plan for each California salamander population, that we can now view today.   For more on the history of the salamander’s struggle, read here: http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/species/amphibians/California_tiger_salamander/

looks like a nice place to raise your kids!  (if you're a California Tiger Salamander)

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